Planning Lighting and Colours

What is the purpose of lighting and colour?

Lighting in production is often used to create a certain mood for the audience to pick up on. It creates a desired atmosphere in order almost 'set the scene'. For example, low key lighting is often used in thrillers in order to hide the identity of the antagonist and therefore keep the audience in suspense as to who it is. It also creates a eerie atmosphere because it is dark, and therefore the audience cannot see very much, making them vulnerable to any sudden movements or sound in the film. Conclusively, it can be argued that lighting is significant in creating an ambience, conventionally to effect the audience in some way or another. Colour is used in production as they connote hidden meanings that subconsciously effect the audience. For example, if a person is wearing white, the audience are prone to presuming that they are innocent and pure as these are conventional connotations of the colour white in which humans are likely to associate with one another. Therefore colour is purposeful in suggesting hidden meaning which in the case of our music video, could possibly contribute to the artist representation and the narrative its self. Colour is effectively used in our music video, explained below:


What lighting will you include and why?

Light is a motif in our music video as the artist often refers to it in the lyrics of our chosen song. We have discovered that the allusion to light conveys hidden meaning when annotating the lyrics of our song, presented in the Lyrics Analysis post. The lyrics refer to different sources of light, one being the indication of sun rise in the line 'He goes out, till the lights up' suggesting that the 'light' is in fact the sun coming up and therefore, he has been out all night. We decided that to create a scene in which both the artist and boyfriend are out on a field at sunrise to show that they had been out all night. Because the sunrise is effectively to start of a new day, this could be symbolic of a new period in their lives, as if it were a 'new start'. However, the lyrics state that his behaviour continues and therefore this portrays the endless cycle of their relationship as there is always a new day, but nothing ever changes for them to have a 'new start'. Therefore this use of light conveys to the audience that the relationship in non-progressive, a deeper understanding than what the lyrics provide alone.

Another source of light we aim to use, is fireworks and sparklers. In the post Planning Setting and Iconography I have spoke about the desired effect in which these pieces of iconography are aimed to have create. The fireworks will be used to suggest chaos, the couple being out of control in terms of reality, for they are unaware of such thing. The fireworks will be used in a field so that it is emphasised that such chaos and lack of self control is cut of from the real world for they have isolated themselves through delusion. In turn, this source of light will present the relationship as destructive and wild, again providing the audience with a deeper understanding of the song itself. Further explanation regarding our light motif can be found in the post above.


What colour will you use and why?

During the firework scene, we plan to use red flares in the background of the scene so that they are visible but not completely focused on. We decided on the colour red as this colour in particular has many ambiguous connotations that allow the audience to decide for themselves as to which they choose. The colour red can be associated with feelings such as love; in which this could be portray the viewpoint of the artist, as in the beginning of the video she believes that she does in fact love her boyfriend. However, this colour also connotes emotions such as anger, can be used as a warning for danger, as well as being used to inform people to stop. All of the previous connotations are relevant to the portrayal of the relationship between the two individuals as the artist does become angry with her boyfriend, he is dangerous to be around and in the end, the artist does want to stop the relationship and move on.

Costumes of the characters will vary in colour an therefore portraying their diversity as the contrast of colours suggest an ever changing personality, relevant to the boyfriend in particular. DONT KNOW WHAT TO WRITEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE


How is your lighting and colour conventional to your music genre?

Sources of light that are naturalistic such as the sunset are conventional to the indie genre as it is simplistic. The indie genre often consists of natural and simple content as this contributes to their laid back image that can be easily related to by their target audience. However, sources of light such as fireworks and sparklers subvert the indie genre, as they aren't natural can arguably be interpreted as contrasting to simplistic. Also, as we are using these to convey the hidden meaning behind the lyrics,  this also subverts the indie genre as artists typically focus on the music itself rather than its visual understanding. We have chosen to challenge such convention in order for the audience to remain engaged in the music video, as it provides an unpredictable indie music video because it doesn't completely conform to the generic conventions.


How does it build a relationship with your target audience?

The light and colours are symbolic of the hidden meaning of the song and therefore provides the audience with a deeper understanding of the portrayal regarding the relationship the artist depicts. This encourages the audience to increasingly connect with the song as they understand the meaning in more depth, therefore understanding the artist in more depth also, as they are familiar with how she is feeling, what she is going through etc etc. In turn, the lighting and colour used in the video allows the audience to build a relationship with the song and artist. Not only this, but the lighting and colour are visually appealing and therefore engage the audience in watching it, as it becomes appealing for them to watch.



This post demonstrates proficient planning techniques. You have explained the reasons for selecting your lighting and colour that you wish to include, by focusing on the effect each will create. 

Now you need to ensure that you have related your points back to the codes and conventions of an indie music genre. Also aim to include images to support the points that you have made.

Finally, read over the introduction to this post, as you have confused yourself with the purpose of lighting and the effect it creates.

Planning Artist Image

What is the purpose of an artist's image?

Rihanna's first album in 2006. She appears
 natural and the music on this particular album is very innocent.

Rihanna in 2013; her style more edgy and lyrics
more explicit.

The image of an artist refers to their current fashion style, personal lifestyle, the type of music they are making and what they are known for. Richard Dyer's theory proposes that artist image should remain incoherent in order to maintain an interest from their target audience. It suggests that artists are commodities to be consumed by remaining incoherent as the changing image of the artist is effectively encouraging the audience to keep up with it. Therefore he states that artist image effectively is something for an audience to keep up with as it gives the audience something to relate to, whether it be accurate or false to the actual individual. A good example of an artist that continuously changes her image is Rihanna; in 2006 she was a natural beauty that was creating music consisting of innocent lyrics that spoke of heartbreak and having a good time; whereas now in 2013, has a very edgy style and arguably promotes controversial topics in her explicit lyrics that often push the boundaries in terms of what is acceptable.

What image will you include and why?

The image of our artist

Nina Nesbitt conforms to the typical image of a female indie artist, in which we will also aspire to create. She is portrayed as an individual rather than a commodity, proposed by Richard Dyer. This is important in portraying to our target audience, as indie was created as a genre as a result of people rebelling against mainstream artists and conventions and therefore, to appeal to such people we must create an image that can be related to rather than what is deemed 'abnormal'.

Our artist will appear down to earth and simplistic; her make up will be red lipstick and dark eye liner, conventional to the indie genre as this is an edgy take on the natural look without appearing too over the top. She will also play the guitar during the performance aspects of our music video, as this conveys her talents and interests therefore providing a short representation for the audience to relate to. Also, we will illustrate the artist's emotions during the narrative side of the video, as the artist begins to convey emotion in the lyrics of the song. The artist sings of a struggling relationship in which the audience can relate to as it is an ordinary situation and therefore by conveying emotions that the audience can relate to, the audience can feel they know the artist in more depth and therefore increasing the ability to build a relationship with her.

How is your artist image conventional to your music genre?

Nina Nesbitt, an example of an
 'indie artist'

Female artists in the Indie genre have a recognisable image that could therefore be deemed conventional in terms of the genre; they normally have dark, heavier eye liner, red lipstick, hair typically long and wavy or short and bright coloured and wear unusual vintage clothing. Our artist will also wear eye liner and red lipstick, conventional to the indie genre in terms of a girl's make up. Her hair will also be long and wavy rather than short and bright coloured as this can be related to by the target audience as well as a wider audience to increase the popularity of the artist. Her style will remain conventional to the genre, wearing outfits that are typical of the indie genre. Here are the outfits planned to be worn by the artist:

PICS OF OUTFITS

How does it build a relationship with your target audience?

Our artist's image can be easily related to by our target audience. Indie artists typically wear high street clothing and therefore is affordable as well as wearable by our target audience. Because our target audience can relate to the style of our artist, it encourages them to maintain an interest as to what they are wearing, where they shop etc. Artists such as Beyonce who's image consists wearing expensive high end fashion can not by related to by the audience in terms of familiarity, as they can not wear the clothes she does. However, because our artist will be wearing clothing that can be worn by our target audience, it allows them to relate to the artist through common ground regarding fashion and therefore build a relationship with the artist themselves as they feel more similar to the artist.

However, an artist's image does not only consist of their style, but also considers the type of person they come across as. As stated before, Richard Dyer claims that artists are commodities in which their image is constructed purposefully in order to be consumed by the target audience, suggesting that such image is fake in terms of what that artist is actually like as a person. However, our artist image will be portrayed as much more realistic in terms of her personality. She will be shown as having both good and bad times with her boyfriend in simplistic locations such as London and fields. The narrative will depict a conflicting relationship in which our target audience can easily relate to, as they possibly may have experienced similar circumstances either directly or indirectly. Therefore the emotions portrayed by the artist can be related to by the audience encouraging them to build a relationship with the artist as they can relate to her as a person rather than an artist.

This demonstrates a proficient understanding of planning techniques. You have started to consider a variety of clothes that you wish to include within your music video. But further discussion of the effect it creates and how it is conventional, is essential in demonstrating further planning techniques. Also aim to explain why you have decided on using a variety of clothes, for each location that you have selected. 

Planning Editing

What is the purpose of editing?

Editing is the method in which footage that has been filmed is put together in order to create a final narrative that makes sense to the audience using a software such as Final Cut Pro. It is used to create continuity as
it allows you to remove any mistakes made that disrupt the flow of footage. Without editing audience would be unable to comprehend what was going on as it would include unnecessary footage as well as mistakes made and therefore wouldn't make sense. Editing also allows you to add any effects to your footage in order to create the desired effect on your audience as it can effect not only to understanding of the footage by the emotion triggered in the audience. For example, in editing you can make your footage black and white to suggest memory in which the person is reminiscing on and therefore they understand what is going on in the narrative.


What style will you include and why?

Our editing style will vary in terms of pace to correlate with the song and therefore provide a deeper understanding for the audience. The artist is suggestive of pace in the lyrics of the song with lines such as 'live fast die young' indicating a fast pace and contrasting lines such as 'he's going nowhere' suggesting a much slower pace. Our editing will not particularly vary according to transitions, as we will mostly use a straight cut; however we will edit the actual frame to convey pace. Here are 3 examples of how we will do so and what effect we wish to create:

Time lapse

A time lapse denotes the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed the action seems much faster. We will use a time lapse when the couple appear to be arguing with each other, as this effectively focuses on them arguing as well as suggesting that they are cut off from the outside world as people will be carrying on with their lives; suggesting isolation from reality as a result of their destructive relationship.It will create a fast paced frame and therefore portray the chaotic mind set of the two of them, giving the audience a deeper understanding of the song and consequently their relationship. We will create the time lapse by filming them arguing and then filming the world going on around them separately using Final Cut Pro during the editing phase of the production,

Slow Motion

Slow motion is created by filming the original footage and then slowing it down during the editing stages. It is normally used to stress the moment as it is elongated for the audience to focus on. We will use slow motion at the very beginning of the music video, when our artist is running over to her boyfriend as he is passed out. The shot will be from his point of view, and therefore the slow motion shot of Daisy running towards him will suggest that he is intoxicated and therefore disorientated in terms of his ability to see and properly process information. It will allow the audience to see the world from his point of view and therefore have a deeper understanding of what he is like.


Blurred Frame

A blurred frame consists of a deep focus, in which one part of the frame is visually clear and the other slightly blurred; created through editing software. Blurred frames are often used to pull attention to the main focus in the shot, the visually clear part, as the blurred areas of the frame become unidentifiable. We are going to use a blurred frame to pull attraction to the boyfriend.


How is your editing style conventional to your music genre?

Our main editing will be slow paced and simplistic in terms of the transitions, as we will often use straight cuts to do so, so that it is in time with the beat of the song; which is conventional to the indie genre as it is simple.
However the complex editing subverts indie genre because it gives something else for the audience to focus on other than the music. Indie artists often use simplistic editing so that they subvert mainstream style and focus on the music rather than an overcomplicated music video. However, our argument for subverting such conventions is, it allows the audience to understand the song in more depth and also provides an unpredictable music video to engage them and in turn, encourage them to understand the artist and song.


How does it build a relationship with your target audience?

The editing in our music video creates an illustrative relationship between the lyrics and the visuals. When the artist sings of fast paced narrative, the music video will depict such pace through the content in the frame. As when the artist sings of slow paced narrative, the music video will correlate. This allows the audience to have a deeper understanding of the song as they begin to comprehend what life is like in the relationship the artist speaks of. When the artist speaks of her boyfriend living life fast, the audience can see the chaos in their lives as a result, shown through the time lapse. Therefore not only do they understand what is literally going on in their lives, they also know the emotions stimulated from the artist as a result. This encourages them to build a relationship with the artist as the audience can relate to what she is singing about and therefore feel as if they know her more. It portrays the artist as an individual with common issues rather than a 'celebrity'.



This demonstrates a good understanding of planning techniques. You have considered a variety of editing styles that you wish to include within your music video. You have provided a range of examples to support your justifications, on why you have planned to use certain styles. But further explanation is needed of the effect it will create. This can be achieved by considering the style and narrative of your music video in further detail. 

Aim to include original photography to support the points that you have made.

Planning Cinematography (changes made)

What is the purpose of cinematography?

Cinematography is effectively used in a music video so that the audience can see a visual interpretation of the song. Different camera shot create a specific desired effect on the audience in order to appeal to them. Therefore cinematography is a vital aspect of the production process, for it not only allows the audience to visually witness what is happening, but it also encourages them to interpret such visual, for different camera shots/angles are chosen specifically to effect the audience in the desired way. For example, if it was desired to make the audience feel empathetic toward a character, a high angle may be used for this is suggestive of vulnerability as they are being look down upon, implying a weakness in contrast to another character or the situation itself. If the same effect wanted to be created but a low angle was used, this may become disorientating for the audience, as low angles conventionally imply power, for the audience are looking up to the character and therefore is indicative of strength. On the other hand, directors may chose to use contrasting shots so that the narrative seems more unpredictable to the audience, in which case engaging their attention; however the consequence of confusing the audience may increase.

What cinematography will you include and why?

Close up of guitar

During the narrative aspect of the music video, there will be a range of the artist singing, and the artist singing with a guitar; in which we plan to get a close up of. Be having a close up of the guitar, this will increase the appeal of our music videos for two main reasons; the first being that it provides the audience with more information about the artist, that she can play guitar as well as sing and therefore will indicate her true talent. Such representation is conventional to the indie genre as the genre itself is a response to mainstream genres such as pop, in which the artists are typically constructed in order for consumption. However, if our artist is represented as talented this will increase the appeal from our target audience as they will recognise the artist as dedicated and talented, qualities that are favourable to them. Secondly, by identifying that the artist can play guitar, this may provide the target audience with a similarity to the artist as they may be able to play guitar or another instrument themselves, thus allowing them to build a relationship with the artist and therefore encouraging them to maintain an interest with the artist. Furthermore, the significance of the close up is vital, as the effect previously spoke of could be created with a mid shot; however a close up increases the engagement between audience and video, for they must focus on the guitar as nothing else is on the frame, thus providing a much more intimate feeling between audience and artist.

Mid shot of artist

When the artist is performing, a mid shot will be used as this provides an effective balance of engagement; not so far away that the audience cannot see the artist, but not so close that they feel overwhelmed. Richard Dyer's theory argues that an artist must remain both present so that the audience can connect with the artist, know more about them and build a relationship; but also absent, so that the audience maintain their interest through enigmatic mystery, thus using social networking sites etc to fulfil such questions of what they are doing, what are they wearing etc etc. A mid shot creates a similar effect. The artist will be present for the audience to connect, but not entirely present that they become uninterested, also created by the balance of narrative and performance aspects. This particular shot could be argued to be both conventional and unconventional to the genre, for it is present in some but not all indie music videos.

Here is an example of an indie music video that has chosen to have a performance based aspect however, has chosen not to use a mid shot but rather a long shot. The long shot has highlighted the live performance aspect of the video, for the viewer can identify the stage, the band and the background as being coherently a live performance, shown by the green rectangle around the frame; a convention of the indie genre. therefore this shot will appeal to the target audience as it emphasise the down to earth nature of the artist, that he is interested in the music he is making live, rather than being on a stage the song playing from a stereo, again favourable to the target audience of an indie artist. However, if the artist were to use a mid shot, exampled by the red square, such effect wouldn't be created and therefore this could arguably decrease the appeal, for the audience could not recognise the live performance.

On the other hand, here is an example of another indie music video in which the artist has chosen to use a mid shot which we can recognise as the position of the camera is fairly close to the artist, exampled by the red square, but the audience are still able to see the background, exampled by the green rectangle. In this song, the artist sings of strong emotions much like the artist Nina Nesbitt in her song Noserings & Shoestrings, our chosen song. The mid shot of the artist intensifies the emotion he speaks of, as the shot creates the effect that both artist and audience are close in proximity and therefore encourages them to engage and empathise for the artist. Contrastingly, if the artist were to have chosen a long shot similar to Passenger, such effect would failed in creation, for the audience may feel they cannot connect with the artist as they are too far away.Therefore, we felt that a mid shot would be more effective during the performance aspect of the music video as it allows the audience to connect and build a relationship with the artist.

Establishing shot of skate park

Our music video will consist of more than one location and therefore it is vital to notify the audience when and where the locations change to, as they may become confused. Also, the video consists of both reminiscent memories and their present relationship so the establishment of location may assist in indicating which is which. Locations of the music video include the forest, a skate park and a plain white wall. The performance aspect will be a plain white wall and therefore wont require an establishing shot, however we plan to establish both the forest and skate park; the forest being a particular convention of the indie genre as nature is commonly highlighted in such videos to signify the simplistic, minimalistic and purity and the artist and their talent in order to appeal to the target audience. The establishing shot of the skate park will highlight the characteristics of the artist's boyfriend as being isolated from her and therefore will imply their present relationship.

Planning Setting and Iconogrpahy

What is the purpose of setting and iconography?

Rihanna's 'Only Girl in the World' music video

Within a music video, setting is significant in contributing to an artist representation as it is suggestive of the type of person the artist is, or in some cases, their 'image'. It also may be relevant to the song; for example, in Rihanna's 'Only Girl in the World' music video, the setting is a field which has been edited pink, full of flowers with nothing else in sight of the audience other than the field. The lyrics to this song consist of '...want you to make me feel, like I'm the only girl in the world...' and by choosing a deserted setting, Rihanna is the 'only girl in the world' that the audience can see, therefore building a relationship with the lyrics. The setting is pink and full of flowers and therefore feminine, the desired image Rihanna created when this music video was released and therefore the setting is significant in contributing to the artist representation. If Rihanna were to choose a basement of a house for this music video, not only would this contrast with the song but it would also suggest a completely different image that Rihanna had.

Passenger's 'Holes' music video

Iconography has many important reasons as to why it would be included in a music video. For example, if the genre of the music video was Indie, guitar would be a conventional item of iconography in the music video. In Passenger's music video for the song 'Holes', the artist uses a guitar. The audience are aware that song consists of a guitar playing because they can hear it, however by including the artist actually playing the guitar in the music video portrays him as talented and conventional to the indie genre. Therefore in this case, iconography also contributed to artist representation and portrayed generic conventions. Iconography also conveys realism as the audience are able to recognise what they are and therefore relate to it. For example, the guitar in Passenger's video is easy to relate to for the audience as they are familiar with what it is and may play guitar themselves. However, Rihanna's music video for 'Only Girl in the World' has a lack of iconography and is mostly focused on setting and therefore the audience are less likely to relate to as there is a lack of familiarisation for the audience to identify. In turn, iconography portrays realism in the narrative in which the audience can relate to and therefore can build a relationship with the artist more easily.

What settings will you include and why?

The lyrics of the song 'Noserings and Shoestrings' indicates the audience that her boyfriend 'hangs about at skate park' in such lyric. Therefore we have decided to film a part of the music video at the skate park so that there is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals in order for the audience to have a deeper understanding of the song. We have chosen South Bank skate park to film in, as this has an edgy atmosphere that correlates with how we wish to portray the artist's boyfriend as a result of the other skaters and graffiti on the walls.The skate park will create a fast paced frame, in which this is suggestive that the boyfriend is rushing through his life as well as indicating that he enjoys the thrill. However, we will then slow this down to show that in reality 'he's going nowhere' sung by the artist to convey his delusion. We will also film the couple during the good parts of their relationship in the south bank as this location provides us with diversity in terms of events and atmosphere, suiting the couples' personality.

Light is a recurring motif in our music video as it is mentioned throughout the lyrics of the song. There will be a scene in which both characters will be in a field with fireworks in the background. We have decided to have a field as this location for many reasons; the field will be empty, conveying to the audience that both characters are separate from reality both literally and metaphorically. Also it is a natural location which is conventional to the indie genre as it is simplistic and can be related to by the audience. A field is effective in connoting liberation as it is open and empty.

What iconography will you use and why?

As mentioned previously, light is a regular motif in the lyrics of our song and therefore the iconography used will be based around light. There will be one scene where characters will be letting off fireworks, symbolic for there rebellious attitudes, almost as if 'let loose' like the fireworks. The scene will connote chaos, in which this is relevant to her boyfriend's behaviour. 

Another method of light we will use is a lighter, when her boyfriend is smoking a cigarette. The lighter will be symbolic of his addictions such as smoking and drinking because it is the lighter that allows him to do so; it acts as a small light when he is in 'darkness' or negative mindset, and therefore comes to light when smoking or drinking.

We will also use a guitar, in which the artist will be playing when performing her song. By having the artist play her guitar provides the audience with a short representation of her and therefore encourages them to build a relationship with her as they are more familiar with the artist. It gives them an insight as to who she is and what she can provide as an artist in the music industry. Also, the audience can relate to such instrument whether it be from interest or the ability to play it themselves, enabling the artist to become easier to relate to.



How is your settings and iconography conventional to your music genre?

The settings we have chosen are conventional to the indie genre. London is a conventional location in indie music videos as it is a diverse location which unique characteristics; subverting mainstream locations such as a club. London is perceived to be unusual and therefore is used in indie music videos to portray uniqueness of the artist. Also, by using a skate park, this conforms to the image of a stereotypical indie male as he is able to skate, conveying his laid back, street lifestyle. A field is a form of a natural location, conventional to the indie genre as it is simplistic. Indie music videos are conventionally not over the top, in order for the audience to be able to relate to the song and artist on a much more personal level. The field will portray to the audience that the artist is down to earth, in which this is easier to relate to than a mainstream artist in an exclusive club as the audience are not familiar with this lifestyle. The iconography such as fireworks and lighters are not specifically conventional to the indie genre; however they are forms of light which is a natural source, conventional to the genre as it is simplistic rather than over the top. Whereas the use of a guitar is conventional to the genre, as the majority of indie artists are shown to play such instrument in their videos because it shows their dedication to their music as well as a talent that can be related to be the audience.


How does it build a relationship with your target audience?

Settings and iconography are important aspects of a music video as they contribute to artist representation, narrative, generic conventions and significantly, target audience appeal. If the target audience find a music video appealing, this encourages them to watch it more often, and in turn become more familiar with the song and artist in order to build a relationship with them. As a result, the audience maintain an interest in the artist and want to keep up with later music, image of the artist etc. Regarding our setting, London will appeal to our target audience as it is a familiar location, easy for them to recognise and therefore will be able to relate to the location. This is suggestive of the artist's interests, as it is illustrative that she has chosen to spend her day there,and therefore provides the audience with a short representation of the artist that they can relate to; effectively allowing them to build a relationship between audience and artist. The use of  field for a location, enables the audience to understand more from the song other than just the lyrics; fields connote liberation in which this is what the artist's boyfriend thinks he has from drug use and alcohol. As it is only those two on the field, it indicates that they are cut off from reality, separate from those in touch with the real world in which this provides the audience with a deeper understanding of the song. This allows them to understand the artist more thoroughly and in turn, build a relationship with her as they can relate to how she feels. The iconography that alludes to light is used to symbolise aspects of the couples' relationship as the artist mentions light throughout the lyrics of song when referring to her relationship. For example, the fireworks connote chaos which is relevant to the boyfriend's behaviour as well as the artist's mindset, as confusion is portrayed through the lyrics of the song. Therefore, the iconography which alludes to light creates a illustrative relationship between lyrics and visuals which encourages the audience to engage with both the video and song. As a result, the audience can build a relationship with the song, as they have a deeper understanding through the visual interpretation of the song. Furthermore, guitars are conventional to the indie genre as they provide a short representation of the artist as being talented and focused on music rather than their image; easier to relate to by the audience in comparison to a over the top artist who is perceived to live a lavish lifestyle. Therefore the audience can relate to the artist as they appear more down to earth as well as through common interests such as guitar, in turn building a relationship between the two.



This demonstrates a proficient understanding of planning techniques. You have considered a variety of locations and iconography that you wish to include within your music video. You have provided a range of examples to support your justifications, on why you have planned to use certain locations and props. But further explanation is needed of the effect it will create. This can be achieved by considering the style and narrative of your music video in further detail. 

Aim to include original photography to support the points that you have made.

Lyric Analysis

To assist us in making a successful music video, we decided to annotate the lyrics to our chosen song in terms of hidden meaning and visual accompaniment. Firstly, we annotated the lyrics to find any hidden meanings so that we could attempt to interpret these meanings into the video in order for the audience to have a deeper understanding of the song itself, or even an out of the ordinary perception that may stimulate their own ideas. By thinking outside of the box in terms of literal meaning, this engages the audience and therefore encourages them to pay attention as it is unpredictable in terms of what the lyrics are saying. Below is a picture of the annotated version of the lyrics to 'Noserings and Shoestrings'; we have written beside the lyric our own interpretations in which the main points will be discussed further:

Page 1 of lyrics

The song starts with the lyric 'Ruffled hair, a lose shoestring...' which presents to the audience the literal appearance of the boy she is singing about, supposedly her boyfriend. From this description we can identify that his appearance is very messy, with his hair 'ruffled' and his shoestring 'loose'. His messy appearance connotes their relationship as this is also 'messy'. It lacks stability and consistency and in turn, is all over the place. The song continues with the line, 'covered arms and a nose ring...' in which the reference to a ring can be associated with marriage and therefore a stable relationship in which reality contrasts. This could suggest that the artist is deluding herself into believing that her relationship is in fact perfect and her partner is 'marriage material'. Further in the song, the artist sings, 'He goes out till the lights up...' in which the word light connotes happiness, however the lyrics oppose this as the artist presents herself as unhappy; again suggesting her delusion. It then continues with 'But he's self confessed and a little obsessed...' suggesting that her boyfriend has a slightly addictive personality from the term 'little obsessed' in which this can explain why he does drugs and also drinks. It indicates that their relationship doesn't work because of the way her boyfriend is/acts. Later in the song, the lyrics suggest that the artist plays a mothering role towards her boyfriend, rather than acting as a girlfriend. The lyric 'I guess that's adolescence at its best' in slightly condescending, as if she were older and wiser than he and therefore blaming his actions for the age that he his. The word 'adolescence' highlights this as by mentioning his age, it emphasises to the audience that he is young and therefore more naive then her. After each chorus, the artist sings 'woah-oh-oh-oh, woah-oh-oh-oh, woah-oh-oh-ohaoh'. The phrase 'woah' is often said when about to fall and therefore these lyrics connote disorientation, as if in the mind set of her boyfriend as a result of his over use of alcohol or drugs. It may also suggest her confusion toward the situation as she has no idea what to do or say. The song is also suggestive of pace in which her boyfriend lives his life through the lyrics. The lyric 'Hangs about at skate parks...' indicates fast paced movement as he is 'skating', also suggesting that he enjoys the thrill it gives when living life fast. However, the line after this 'And he's going nowhere' is juxtaposed with the previous as the artist now reveals that although living fast, he is going nowhere. It portrays his delusion in terms of reality against his illusion.

Page 2 of lyrics

Page 2 of the lyrics heavily consist of repeated lyrics from the previous page, in which we have noted rather than repeating what has already been stated. The effect that the repetition of lyrics has, consist of many; it familiarises the lyrics for the audience, so that the song is more memorable; it emphasises the meaning of the song as it focuses on the same themes of delusion, young love and intoxication. The second page of lyrics also consists of new verses of the song, one starting with the line, 'Keep calm and carry on, he's drunk all night long...' in which we can see that the artist is in fact talking to herself about her own issues, suggesting that she cannot talk about the situation with her boyfriend as a result of his delusion and over consumption of alcohol etc; portraying her as lonely. This is then followed by the line, 'He'll sit there with his guitar and play another song' suggesting to the audience that the artist is now familiar with herboyfriend's behaviour, so much so that she can now predict it. The term 'another song' connotes his life, as it is now repetitive in the way he acts/is, conveying lack of progression. There is a recurring motif in which light plays in this song, as it connotes the happiness the artist wants both for herself and her boyfriend. The line 'But he'll be home by dawn', portrays to the audience the extreme times in which her boyfriends comes home from a night out; not only this but it also indicates a new beginning, as dawn is how the day starts and therefore the artist uses this time period to convey her hope of 'new day, new beginning' for both her boyfriend and her relationship.

Page 3 of lyrics

The last page of the lyrics, consist of the chorus being repeated, in which this was analysed in the previous pages. The song ends with the line, 'What's done is done' in which the repetition of the word 'done' suggests to the audience that the relationship is also 'done' as this is placed at the end of the song. The artist has used a phrase often said by her boyfriend to portray to the audience that the relationship is over, indicating that it is his own fault for being deluded and in turn ruining their relationship. It shows her progress from being deluded herself, to becoming a much stronger and wiser person.

By analysing the lyrics of the song, we have been able to identify how the artist is feeling while singing such song. In turn, we can include this into our music video to illustrate our artist representation as more accurate and therefore, the audience will have a correct short portrayal of Nina Nesbitt. This will appeal to them as it allows the audience to 'know the artist better' and furthermore, build a relationship with her in order to maintain a consistent interest. As a result of the emotion depicted from the lyrics, we have decided that our target audience will consist of more females rather than males, as they will be able to understand and connect with such emotion with more ease in comparison to males. The artist will be viewed as more of a friend to females as a result, rather than sexually appealing to males as this is not including in her image.

How have the group lyric annotations assist you with the planning the micro elements, style, target audience and conventions of your chosen song?

ANNOTATIONS FOR CONTENT OF MUSIC VIDEO

Storyboards

This is the first storyboard which shows previous memories of the couple being happy.
There are in the form of a picture to show it was past tense rather than present and therefore
the audience understand the narrative more.

This is the second storyboard. It shows the contrast between the artist and her boyfriend to highlight
their differences and foreshadow a conflict between the two because of their differences. It shows
 the artist alone performing and the boyfriend at the skate park, also isolated.
This contracts the previous storyboard to progress the narrative.

The third storyboard shows the couple back at their happy times together to reinforce the idea that
 their relationship progressively became worse because of the boyfriend's addictions and issues.
 It portrays a 'normal' relationship that that audience can recognise and relate to.

Further happy times shown.

This storyboard shows both good and bad times. The good times are continuing from the
previous storyboard, however this is followed by a close up of the boyfriend holding drink and
cigarettes to emphasise his issues.

This is followed by performance so that the audience can engage with the emotions felt by the artist.
It then goes back to happy times to suggest that this is what she misses; this is what is closest to
her rather than reality.

This storyboard conveys the boyfriend is his own private space; the skate park. It correlates
 with the lyrics so that the audience can further understand the song. it shows him
living a reckless and thrilling life.

There is a close up to a flame of a lighter to reinforce the light motif, However this source of light
effectively represents the boyfriend as being self conflictive as he is choosing to burn things
 around him, again correlating with the lyrics.

This 360 shot of the boyfriend being in the skate park, portrays to the audience that his life
 is empty, for this is all that he has. The shot will consist of just him and the skate park.

Again, the artist will perform so that the audience remain engaged with her. This is the beginning
 of the argument that will occur in the skate park to show that the relationship is now bad and ending.

The boyfriend will take the artist's guitar and smash it up mid argument to show his reckless
 behaviour. This will be parted into two by a performance from the artist to show emotion.

There will be a close up of daises in the field of where they are to reinforce the artist's innocent
representation after the argument. This will be followed by the final smashing of the guitar to
contrast the representation of the boyfriend and the argument.

This storyboard conveys the contrast of good times before the argument and separation
after the argument to reinforce the concept that the two have broken up. This allows the
 audience to understand the narrative more.

Music video will end on performance so that the audience get the artist's perception and
they feel appealed to her rather than the boyfriend.

What is the purpose of a storyboard?

A storyboard is purposeful in ordering the shots in which we aim to achieve. It plans to music video from start to finish in terms of what is in the frame, what the shot is, the location of the shot, the lighting, sound and editing that may have to be used. It allows us as a group to be aware of how to execute the shot and what must be done with it during the editing process too, making the production process as a whole more efficient an therefore more likely to achieve our intention. Also, it is a visual method of improving our original ideas as we see them on paper, limiting the chances of forgetting ideas and also allows us to realise it can be improved upon if they don't work together as we thought.

How did you use your primary and secondary research that you carried out, to plan your music video?

Our previous research that we have conducted was heavily focused on what our target audience liked to see in a music video and therefore the findings of such research was heavily influential in the making of our storyboards; as this was the initial planning of the content of our music video. Therefore were constructed our music video content and style specifically to appeal to the target audience so that they found it appealing. For example, our target audience reported that they mostly enjoyed having both performance and narrative in a music video and therefore, we have incorporated this into our storyboards. The artist is shown to be singing at convenient times to reinforce her presence and emotion to the audience for them to relate to.

How did you and your group storyboard your music video?

We created the storyboard together while keeping in mind the specific aspects of the video that we wanted to achieve. The first being having a variety of shots and therefore when storyboarding the music video, we made sure that this was achieved prior to the filming stage so that we knew what shot we wanted already, ensuring a variation before even filming. We also wanted to make sure the narrative was progressive rather than random and therefore we made sure that each frame was in relation to the previous, explained in the captions underneath the storyboards above.

How did you share the responsibility?

When creating the storyboards we were each assigned a role in the process to make sure they were done efficiently and that we all agreed on the content of the video and the way it was structured. This would eliminate the possibility of one member saying they were unhappy with the storyboards and then having to redo them so that all of us were content. One group member was assigned to draw each frame, another required to colour, and the last two wrote in the subtitled information underneath each frame. This united process ensured that we were all happy with the storyboards.

Did you follow your storyboards, or did you make changes?

We followed the majority of our planned storyboard as we shared a unanimous vision as to what we wanted the final music video to look like. For example, as planned we started the video from the first four beats of the song so that the audience were immediately aware of the recklessness from the start. However, we changed the shots from being past tense pictures of happy memories, to the boyfriend acting reckless so that such theme was presented ore effectively. Initially, we also knew that we wanted a fairly simple performance to be shown throughout. This consisted of just the artist and her guitar performing in front of the camera and a plain white wall which acted as a conventional background for our chosen genre: Indie. Overall, we mostly conformed to our initial plan, however decided to alter a few shots in order to make the video more effective.

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Research into Chosen Artist (changes made)

Nina Nesbitt

Nina Nesbitt was born in Scotland on the 11th of July 1994, and therefore is 19

years old. She has not released any official albums yet, but is signed to Island, a

subliminal record label of Universal and has released 5 EP's which include

relatively well known singles such as 'Stay Out' and 'Apple Tree'. Considering

her career only started not too long ago, Nina has had many significant

achievements in her career including:

Her single 'Stay Out' reached number 21 in the official charts

She has performed at festivals such as T in the Park

She has toured with both Ed Sheeran and Example

Her single 'Apple Tree' made it to number 6 on iTunes

Her own UK headlining tour in 2012

Singles including Stay Out played on Radio 1

Nina Nesbitt is an indie artist who appeals to a niche target audience as her

music is only known minimal amount of people in comparison to bigger Indie

artists such as Ellie Goulding. As an Indie artist, she conforms to the generic

conventions regarding her simplistic music videos, appearing to be focused

on the music rather than over the top productions. This is one of the reasons

that sparked my interest in the artist as appears as down to earth and therefore

easy to relate to. Also, she is able to play the guitar, portraying her pure talent

in which I personally found appealing as she is able to contribute more than

just a voice to her music; allowing her to be more involved in which again

interested me as it gave a more accurate short representation of the artist.    

Nina Nesbitt has a limited amount of existing music videos; as a result of her

lack of popularity. Her current existing music videos are very simplistic in

content, in which we felt we could achieve ourselves. This is significant as we

can represent the artist accurately and effectively. The song 'Noserings

and Shoestrings' doesn't have a music video made by the artist to accompany

the song; this allows us as a group to create our own interpretation effectively

for others to see. The lyrics in particular influenced us to choose this song as it

has a strong narrative in which we can easily build a relationship between the

lyrics and visuals in order for he audience to have a deeper understanding of the

song.

Video Analysis

To gain further understanding of our chosen artist, we have analysed 2 other

existing music videos that she has created. By identifying the common stylistic

features of her music videos, we will be able to include such material in our

own in order to create an accurate artist representation for our target audience.

Statues

 Explain how Dyer’s star theory is used

Richard Dyer's theory proposes that artist's are commodities constructed

artificially in order to be found appealing by the target audience and therefore

consumed. Their image in consistently changing in order to be incoherent

regarding their style and image which in turn maintains the audience's interest

as they are constantly keeping up with the latest of the artist. Nina

Nesbitt opposes such theory, she is represented as an artist rather than a

commodity. She has a similar appearance in all videos suggesting that she is

being herself rather than changing her image to appear incoherent and

consequently keep the audience guessing. By having an image that is solely

based on herself, this gives the audience an accurate short representation

of the artist and therefore they are able to build a relationship with her because

they feel they 'know the real her'. This is conventional for an indie artist as

it is proposed that such genre was created as a result of rebellion

against mainstream artists that do conform to Dyer's theory. Mainstream genres

such as Pop and RnB typically consist of artists the conform to Dyer's theory by

pushing genre boundaries in order to appear rebellious. However Indie artists

are conventionally much easier to relate to as they are portrayed

as down to earth and focused on the music rather than their image, in which

Nina effectively does also.

How is Goodwin’s theory used?

an example of a close up of the artist

Goodwin's theory consists of 7 points that are proposed as guidelines to

construct a successful music video; relationship between lyrics and visuals,

relationship between music and visuals, voyeuristic treatment of the female

body in particular, demonstrative of genre characteristics, close ups of

the artist, inter-textual references, elements manipulated according to style of

music video and the notion of looking. Nina Nesbitt's video 'Statues' conforms

the Goodwin's theory in terms of a couple of his proposals, one being the often

use of close ups of the artist. Close ups of the artist as typically used so that the

audience are able to connect with the connect and familiarise themselves with

them. It is a typical requirement of the record label to include such

cinematography as it promotes the artist as well as certain clothing brands etc.

Also it conveys the artist's personality for the audience to know in order to

build such relationship and therefore maintain an interest in the

artist. This appeals to the target audience for they feel closer to the artist and therefore

more engaged in her representation; in turn they have the ability to build a relationship

with the artist and therefore an interest is initiated and maintained.

Goodwin's theory can further identified in the music video as there is a

visual relationship between music and visuals. When there is a beat in the song,

the editing coordinates as the frame changes on to the next. This encourages the

audience to become familiar with the song as there is a visual stimulus that

informs them of the beat. It also gives the music video persistent continuity as

the video is in time with the beat rather than competing with it as the target audience

are able to understand the narrative as it is parallel to the editing.

How is the artist represented?

The style of the music video consists of only artist performance as it lacks a

narrative or concept style. This makes the music video much more intimate for

the audience only focus on the artist as they have no other material to engage

with. This represents the artist as much easier to relate to, for she is

encouraging the audience to engage with her as the music video is much more

personal. Therefore the artist appears down to earth, easy to build a relationship

with and in turn, the audience feel they know the artist increasingly. She

conforms to the typical indie artist representation as being very down to earth

rather than over the top, which will appeal to the target audience for the indie

genre was in fact a reaction to mainstream genres such as pop. Individuals felt

that mainstream genres lack realistic substance that the indie genre provided;

and therefore such representation allows the audience to relate to the artist in

which they cannot do with artists in genres such as pop.

close up of artist playing the piano

Also, the performance shows the artist playing the piano and therefore provides

the audience with a short representation of the artist; as it shows that she has

another additional talent rather than just being able to sing. This additional

information appeals to the audience as they know more about the artist and

therefore are able to relate to her increasingly as they either know more about

her or have found a similar quality in which they both share; resulting in them

feeling more similar to the artist and therefore closer to her. It represents the

artist as dedicated to her music as she has given the time and effort to learn how

to play additional instruments on top of singing; conventional to the indie genre

as they can be typically recognised as being committed to their music in which

they solely focus on rather than their image for example.

the artist is wearing white

The colours evident in the music video are heavily representative of the artist.

The artist is wearing white, in which this connotes innocence and purity,

relevant to the lyrics in which the artist is singing. She sings of heartbreak and

losing a former individual in which she once knew and loved and therefore

appears innocent in this circumstance. The lack of bright colour and rather the

favour of natural and subtle colours present the artist as pure and simple,

conventional to the genre so this quality allows the target audience to be able to

relate to her and progress to building a relationship which in turn encourages

the audience to maintain a interest in her. If the artist were to use bright colours

this would suggest her happiness and therefore contradict the lyrics; the colours

used effectively create the simple and pure atmosphere in which the target

audience can easily relate to. Furthermore, the main source of light is the use of

fairy lights, and therefore reinforces the innocence and purity in which the artist

is represented as. However, this particular iconography typically will appeal to

the female target audience as it also portrays her feminine side in which females

will be able to relate to rather than males. The content of the song also will

appeal to the female target audience die to the subject of the lyrics in which a

female individual feels a sense of misery due to the loss of a romantic

relationship. As the song is sung from a female perspective, it will be easier for

the female target audience to relate to her emotion. This represents the artist as

feminine in which again, will appeal to the female target audience.

Who is the target audience?

The target audience of this song will majorly consistent of girls as her lyrics are

addressing a break up from a female's perspective. The intense emotion will

also appeal to girls as they are likely to understand what she has been through

and therefore able to connect to the song and artist. Therefore a female

audience will be able to build a relationship with the artist as they

similarity. The feminine colours and lights will also appeal to girls as it portrays

her innocence and vulnerability in her image rather than portraying sexual

appeal that would appeal to a male audience.

What is the style of the music video

The entire video is performance based as she plays the piano throughout while

singing the song; there are no narrative or concept aspects in the video. A

performance based narrative increases the emotion of the song as the artist

appears more involved in the song and therefore this gives a

short representation of the artist as being an average teenage girl who has

experienced a break up. This appeal to the target audience as they are able to

build  relationship from such representation. A performance based music video

is conventional within the indie genre, especially live performances, as it allows

the audience to focus on the music. Music videos in the indie genre lack

narrative as artist representations are conventionally based upon the music not

over the top editing that suggest they push the boundaries.

What common camera shots do the music videos use?

The artist alone with her piano

Common cinematography recognised in the music video consist of mid shots

from behind while the artist is playing the piano. This shot emphasises that she

is alone as the audience become aware that it is only her and the piano in the

room. A sense of loneliness is also portrayed in the lyrics as she speaks of

feeling alone - a link between lyrics and visuals. This increases the emotion

and vulnerability of the artist, in which the audience can relate to as these are

typical outcomes of a break up of a romantic relationship. It creates a sense of

reality as the artist expresses genuine emotion rather than materialising the song

by creating a typical narrative. 

close up

Another common camera shot used in the music video is a close up of the artist's face;

allowing the audience to familiarise themselves with the artist. This can be associated

with Richard Dyer's theory, as he proposes that an artist must be both present and

absent to maintain an audience interest. By having a close up of the artist, she is

evidently present and therefore the audience can engage in the artist's image. However,

when there is a lack of close ups of the artist she is obviously absent and in turn the

audience begin to wonder about the artist.

     

Boy, Nina Nesbitt

How is Richard Dyer's Theory used?

Richard Dyer proposed that a star must be both ordinary for the audience to relate to and extraordinary for the audience to be interested by as their lifestyle in unconventional. Nina Nesbitt appears to subvert such proposal as her representation appears to be solely ordinary; the location is familiar, she clothes appear regular and the storyline of breaking up with a boy is an issue common amongst her target audience. This conforms to the typical indie representation as the target audience prefer to be able to relate to the artist rather than take interest in their unconventional lifestyle. Also, Dyer proposed that an artist must be present and absent to evoke interest, however the artist is present throughout therefore subverting such proposal. When filming our own music video, the artist will also be present throughout in order to increase chances of the target audience to connect with her.


How is Goodwins Theory used?

Throughout the music video elements of Goodwin's theory is incorporated. There is also a link between the lyrics and the visuals in the music video. When the artist sings 'I've got to pick it up' the artist picks up a letter. This relationship between the lyrics and visuals allows the audience to have a deeper understanding of the lyrics as they are accompanied by a visual narrative. Not only do they have a visual accompaniment, but its also the artists' interpretation of the lyrics and therefore they have an understanding of the intended meaning,what the artist truly meant by her lyrics.

 Furthermore, there is a clear relationship between the music and visuals in the music video as transitions are incorporated to change the visuals on the beat of the music which encourages the audience to become quickly familiar with the song as they have a visual stimulus as to when the beat happens. Also, this increases the continuity of the visual as the visual and music are complimentary rather than contrasting which could make the audience disorientated. When creating our own music video, we will aim to create a relationship between the visual and music in order to achieve such effect and increase appeal.

 Finally, the music video largely consists of close up shots of the artist, typically when she is performing the song and therefore this provides the audience with a chance to connect with the lyrics as well as the artist as they are more familiar with her emotions, shown through facial expressions etc. This allows them to build a relationship with the artist as they understand her more and therefore can relate to her increasingly well.


How is the artist represented?

Throughout the  music video the artist is represented as a down to earth individual with typical teenage issues and therefore appears easy to relate to. Through similarities such as the topic she sings of (losing a romantic male figure) her target audience will be able to relate to such topic as it is highly probable that they have experienced a similar situation. Therefore a sense of unity is created between artist and audience in which case encourages them to build a relationship with the artist as well as having someone to look up to and admire.

The artist's image appears very conventional as she has a style that is identifiably indie; heavy fringe, eye liner and red lipstick. As her image is indie, her target audience will be able to recognise what type of artist she is immediately and will also show interest in her style. As her target audience are female teenagers, such segment is highly influenced in terms of image by the people in the public eye and therefore her image is also vital in terms of her overall representation. Also, her style is very simplistic and therefore easy to copy in which case her fans will feel more similar to her and therefore maintain an interest in her.

What style of music video is it?

The music video is primarily performance based as the artist is seen singing the song basically throughout the entire video. However there is also a vague narrative in which the artist is attempting to write a letter to the male figure, but in the end writes the song she is performing instead. The balance of both performance and narrative provide the audience with the emotion from the artist's performance as well as an understanding of the song from the lose narrative. As a group we feel this is effective and therefore will be using an identical style in our own music video as the artist is also singing of an emotional narrative and therefore will effectively provide understanding and emotion.


 What common camera shots does the music video use?

The music video often uses an over the shoulder shot to frame the mysterious romantic figure that the artist sings of, possibly for two main reasons; the first being that an over the shoulder shot hides the face of the figure and therefore his identity remain an enigma. In which case, the audience only come into contact with the artist and therefore are encourages to solely connect with the artist. By not letting the audience see anyone else the audience must take the side of the artist and therefore encourages the audience to build a relationship with her. Also, by not seeing his identity suggests his minimal importance to her, implied through the lyrics as well. Therefore such shot reinforces that he is insignificant as we begin to understand the artist increasingly. Finally, by hiding his face, this portrays the concept of unrequited love as universal, as he could be anyone. This encourages the audience to think of the figure in their own lives that is applicable to this song in order for them to connect with it more, increasing their appeal to the song as they are able to connect with it on a personal level.

Another commonly used shot in the music video, is a variety of mid shots and close ups of the artist repeatedly writing and screwing up letters. By using both mid shots and close ups intensifies the emotions of frustrations portrayed by the artist, as the repetitiveness of this emphasises such. Therefore, the audience begin to understand the artist increasingly as they become familiar with how she is feeling and therefore have an increased chance of building  relationship with her through mutual emotions. Also, the narrative of the song becomes more clear as the audience can recognise that the artist is trying to express her emotions but is failing in doing so, another issue which is easily related to.



4)     Summary

This research into our artist, has helped us as a group understand the artist in more depth in terms of her representation and the style of her music videos.

From this research we have concluded:


·      The artist conforms the typical representation of an indie artist for she subverts Richard Dyer’s proposal that artists are constructed falsely in order to be consumed by the target audience and therefore they are a commodity rather than an individual. Nina Nesbitt is represented as a down to earth and easy to relate to individual for the content of her music video is simplistic and therefore more personal to her own unique style rather than falsely constructed to appeal and consumption. It is these qualities that appeal to her target audience for she is an artist that sings of content that the audience can relate to as well as her image being easy to relate to as well. In our own music video, we will also represent our artist as being down to earth and easy to relate to rather than a commodity for this creates a coherent image for the artist; she sings of personal and simple content and therefore if we were to construct her as a commodity, the artist would lack consistency in her image and would not have a clear target audience. Such case is prone to the artist becoming unpopular across all audiences for they are not being provided an artist that specifically attends to their demand. Therefore, our artist will be down to earth and easy to relate to, in order to relate to the teenage/young adult female target audience.

·      Her music videos can be recognised for conforming to Goodwin’s proposal; specifically close ups of the artist and a link between the music and the visuals. There are many close ups of the artists in which contribute to the intimate interaction between artist and audience for this makes the music video much more personal to the artist and therefore allows the audience to understand more about the artist, encouraging them to build a relationship with her. When creating our own music video, we also plan to use close ups as this is a vital and effective methods of allowing the audience to engage with the artist. This appeals to the target audience for they feel closer to the artist. Furthermore, visual relationship between music and visuals encourages the engagement of the audience for they have a visual stimulus as well as their ability to listen to the beat of the song itself. In turn, we plan to create a similar effect be placing our transitions to frame to frame on the beat of the song for this increases the ability to understand the video for the song is parallel to the editing. It will appeal to target audience for they will be able to connect to the narrative more rather than becoming disengaged and lose interest in the video.

·      The music videos only consist of a performance and narrative based style.. The video 'Statues' lacks a narrative, in which we feel as a group would be more suited to our song ‘Nose rings and Shoestrings’ as the lyrics depict a narrative rather than focusing on emotion as this particular song does, similarly to the music video 'Boy'.  However, we feel that the performance aspect of the video is successful in allowing the audience to engage with the artist and therefore our video will consist of both performance and narrative in order for the audience to be able to connect with the artist as well as having a deeper understanding of the song which will be portrayed through the narrative. Therefore the audience will be provide with a holistic approach in the video’s ability to appeal to the audience as they have both a performance and narrative aspect.